What principle of access control ensures that users only have access to information necessary for their role?

The principle of access control that ensures users only have access to information necessary for their role is known as Least Privilege. This principle dictates that individuals should be granted the minimum levels of access – or permissions – required to perform their job functions. By implementing least privilege, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of unauthorized access to sensitive information and systems.

This approach minimizes potential attack surfaces. For example, if a user does not need access to sensitive financial data to perform their daily tasks, denying that access helps prevent exploitation should that user’s account be compromised. Least privilege not only enhances security but also helps organizations maintain compliance with regulations that mandate protection of sensitive data.

In contrast, other options like accountability focus on tracking and logging user actions, separation of duties ensures that no single individual has complete control over any critical process to reduce the risk of fraud, and integrity control pertains to ensuring that data is accurate and not tampered with. These principles contribute to a comprehensive security strategy but do not specifically address the concept of limiting access based on the needs of one's role, which is the essence of least privilege.