Which term refers to unauthorized access to sensitive data by exploiting vulnerabilities?

The term that refers to unauthorized access to sensitive data by exploiting vulnerabilities is a data breach. A data breach occurs when an attacker gains unauthorized access to confidential or sensitive data, typically through exploiting weaknesses in security systems, networks, or software applications. This illicit access can lead to the exposure, theft, or misuse of sensitive information, including personal, financial, or proprietary data.

Understanding this concept is crucial, as data breaches can have significant repercussions for individuals and organizations, ranging from financial loss to reputational damage and legal implications. Effective data security measures aim to prevent these breaches by addressing vulnerabilities, implementing robust access controls, and maintaining vigilance against evolving threats.